Hydrocarbon-burner.



S. L. DAVIS.

4'HYDROGBLRBCUN BURNER.

APPLIUATION FILED 00T. 2a, 1907.

Patented'Apm, 1910.

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bwtu moco s. L. DAVIS. HYDBGARBON BURNER.

APPLICATION FILED 00T. 26, 1907.

Patented Aplj. 5, 1910.

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atto/@M118 SHERMAN Il. DAVIS, 0F BLOOHIN'GTON, INDIANA.

HYDBOGARBOIWBURNEB.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. 5, 1910.

Application led October 26, 1907. Serial No. 389,350.

To all whom 'it may concern:

Be it known that l, Snninin L.D Av1s, a citizen of the United States, residui at Bloomington, in the county of Monroe, tate of Indiana, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Hydrocarbon- Burn ers, of which the followin is a description, reference being had to tie accompanying drawing, and to the numerals of reference marked thereon.

My invention relates to vapor burners and more especially to devices for vaporizing and burning heavy lhydro-carbon oils such as kerosene, although 1t will be obvious that from certain aspects, my improved burner may be used with vapors of any character.

The object of my invention is to provide a burner wherein heavy hydrocarbon oils may be gradually heated and vaporlzed, and then intimately mixed with air and burned.

A. further object of my invention is to provide e burner wherein the pipes convey ing the heavy oil arel so related to the burner that the oill is gradually heated and then suddenly vapor-ized in a short hot zone of the deliverinvr pipe from which the vaporized oil will` pass ra idly to the burner, leaving little or no epositof carbon in the delivery tubes and the valve of the burner.

A further object of my invention is to provide a burner having e valve and ports or the intaking of air, so related that the valve will throw a lm of vapor across the path of the air enterin said ports.

A further object o? my invention is to provide a delivering ipe which is so positioned in the burner t iat the path of'movement of the oil or vapor therethrough is continuously in a downward direction and wherein said pipe may be also readily blown out to free the same from carbon deposits therein.

Further objects oi my invention will in part be obvious .and will in part be hereinafter more fully explained.

In the drawings which show by way of illustration one embodiment of my inven tiem-Figure 1 is a view in side elevation, with certain parts sectioned showing my improved burner, the support therefor and the storage tanks and delivery pipes for the oil. Fig. 2 is a sectional View through the burner. Fin'. 3 is a detail in bottom plan of the movabli: collar for closing the air ports. Fig. 4

is a sectional view Showing the connection of the delivering pipe to the valve stein of the burner. Fi 5 1s a detail showing the manner of attac 'ng the supply pipe to the distributor.

In carrying out my invention, l preferably use a tank l, which is closed at the top and has an inlet opening 2, which may be closed by any suitable means. Within the tank 1 is a second auxiliary tank 3. which may be filled through a Short tube 4 secured to the top of the main tank 1, and closed by a suitable cap 5.

The pipe 6 is led through .the top of the tank 1, and extends down into the auxiliary tank 3 to a position closely adjacent the bottom thereo The pipe 7 extends through the closed top of the tank 1 and extends to a position closely adjacent the bottom of the main tank 1. The pipes 6 and 7 are connected to a sing-le delivery pipe 8, which leads to the burne The valve 9 of any suitable construction is' located in the pipe 6, and controls the iow of the oil from the pipe 6 into the pipe 8. The valve 10 which 1s also of any suitable construction, controls the flow of oil through the pipe 7 into the pipe 8. I have also provided a short pipe l1 which is suitably secured to the top of the main tank 1, and which carries at the upper end, a pressure gage 12. Said pipe 11 is connecte to a pipe 13 which is rovided with a valve 14 o f any suitable cnn'- aeter.

The purpose of the pipe 13 is for the connection ot' a pressiu'e pump so that the main tank 1 and also the auxillary tank 3 which opens at the top into the `main tank 1, may be put undersuitable air pressure for delivering the oils from said tank.

My improved burner consists of a distributor 15 where the vapors are ignited, a mixer 16, where said vapors ure intinmtely mixed with air, anda. volvo 17 which controls tbe fiow of the vapor into the mixer. Said distributor 15 is preferably cylindrical in shape and has its upper end closed as clearly shown in Fig. 2. The distributor 15 is provided with un outwardly extending ledge 1S, ut its lou-'e1' end, and a dou-nwmdly extending tapered neck portion 19, whicl closely fits the upper cylindrical portion l0 of the mixer. The outwardly extending ledge 18 is provided with u recess or depression 21 in which preferably denatured alcoes forations 38 w hol ma Ibe placed and 'nitcd for the puru pose o warming up the istributer and the delivery pipes encircling the same.

The mixer as shown in the present embodiment of my invention, is made of the frusta of two cones placed base to base and secured together. The lower cone shaped portion of the mixer is provided with inlet air ports 23. Said lower port-ion of the mixer is provided with a rotatable conc-shaped member 24 conorming in sha to the lower portion oi the mixer and hel thereon by an adjustable nut 25. By adjusting the nut 25, the coneshaped member 24 may be brought into proper position relative to the lower portion of the mixer. Said cone-shaped member Q4 is provided with ports 26 of practically the same size as the ports 23 in the mixer. Said member is also provided with a suitable handle 27 whereby said cone-shaped member may be rotated to close the ports in the mixer, more or less 'as desired. Said mixer as above noted, is provided at its upper end with a cylindrical extension forming a shoulder 28, which serves as a seat for the distributer and said cylindrical portion of the mixer extends a slight distance into the distributer. The lower portion of the mixer is screw threaded as at 29, and said screw threaded portion engages the screw threaded portion on the oute-r surface of the valve 1T.

The valve 17 is screw threaded at its lower end and to said screw threaded portion is secured a cup 30 into which denatured alcohol may be poured and ignited for the purpose oi' Warming up the valve 17 when the burner is to be started. The valve 17 is tubular in form and has at its end, a. closing,r wall 31 which is provided with a tapered opening 32 through which the vapor passes into the mixer. The inner member 33 of the valve is threaded to engage a screw thread 34, formed onl the interior surface of the valve 17. Said inner member extends upward into said valve, and is so shaped as to be spaced a slight distance from the inner Wall of the valve. Said inner member.is tapered at its upper end in substantially the same form as the inner tapered surface of the outer member of the valve 1T at its end.

The delivery pipe 8 is coiled about the distributor 15 and the lirst coil is secured to the distributor by any suitable means, such as by riveting, as shown in Fig. The second coil 3U is hoiicver, slightly spaced from thc distributor, while the third coil 3T, is slaaccd a considerable distance from thc distributor.

It will hc noted that the delivery pipe 8 as it passes about the distributor, extends continuously downward and the drop in the pipe for cach coil, is preferably equal to at least twice the diameter of the pipe. Said distributor is rovidcd with a serios of eriiich extend about the distributer substantially in the same direction as the delivery pipo. Said pcrforations or openings 38 are located at sonic distance below the coils 35 und 31'. Said pcrforations are also located directly in the rear of from onc-halt to two-thirds of the length of'thc lower coil 37, so that said port-ion of the coil 37 will lie directly in the apexcs of the flame Jets, issuing through the perforations 38 in the distributer. It will thus be seen that as the oil passes along the delivery pipe, it will be heated in the coils 35 and 36 but not sufficiently hot to raise the oil to the vaporizng point. As soon as however, the oil passes into the coil 37, which is located directly in the apices of the flame jets, said oil will be vaporized and the vapor will be driven forward very quickly into the supply valve and thence into the mixer and to the distributer. If all the heating coils of the pipe were located in the apices of the flame jets, the oil would be dissociated into light gases such as marsh gas, and would consequently be attended with the separation of much carbon Within the pipe, thereby closing up said pipe. B Y my improved burner, however, whereln t e oil is only heated but not vaporzed in the rst portion of the heating coils and is vaporized in a. short hot zone, I avoid the deposition of carbon in the heating tube.

It will also be noted that the heating coils as they pass about the distributer extend continuously in a downward direction, so that the free flow of oil and vapor is in no wise retarded. The delivery pipe 8 after being coiled about the distributor extends downward into a coupling 39. Said delivery pipe extends well into said coupling and a suitable packing nut 40 prevents the escape of the vapors from said coupling. Said coupling is secured at its opposite end to a short. delivering pipe 41 which is formed integral with the valve of the burner as clearly shown in Fig. 4. An opening l2 connects the short delivery pipe '11 with the valve 17. The short delivery pipe extends beyond the valve stem and is provided with a closing cap 43.

Any free carbon which may enter the short length of the delivery pipe is usually driven into the extended end thereof which acts as a reservoir for the. same. By removing the cap, the short delivery pipe is opener and may be readily cleaned ot any obstruction. The inner member of the valve, extends to a considerable distance beyond the outer ond of the outer valve member 1T and is provided with a hand wheel 44 by means of which said inner member relativo to the outer member, may be adjusted. linen the inner member of the valve. is turned in. the passageway between the upper free ond of said inner member and thc upper inner tace ot thc outer member is made smaller, thus cutting oft the supply of vapor. On the other hand, when the inner member is turned outward, this .passage ls enlarged and the su ply of va or increased.

IIj have re erably made the inner member of my va ve tubular-in form .and provided the sume with a needle 45.v Said needle 45 1s screwed into a. tapered shank. portlon 46 shaped to fit a tapered seat 47 1n the member 33. Said tapered shank portion therefore, when on the seat 47 serves as a closing valve to prevent any of the vapors from assin out through the hollow inner memer. aid needle is provided with an outwardly extending stem 48 which ext-ends into a thumb piece 49 and is secured thereto by a pin 50. The outer end ot the inner member 33 is slotted at 5l to recelve the projecting pin 50 so that said needle stem'carrying the needle may be reciprocated wlthm the inner member 33. lWhen the needle 1s withdrawn into the inner member 33, the pin 50 enf: ;a, ges the outer cam surface 52 of the member 33 and by turning said needle and stem through the thumb piece 49, the tapered shank 46 is drawn Irmly on to its seat. When the needle is pushed forward the point thereof enters the outlet opening in the'head of the valve, and any particles of carbon or the like which may have lodged in said opening, may be readlly removed.

Before starting the burner, the needle is forced forward to clear the opening, in the valve after which it is retracted and the shank portion 46 drawn down firmly on its seat. The cup 30 is preferably threaded into a supporting stand 53 or the like.

The manner of operation is as follows The main tank 1 is partly filled with kerosene or some other heavy hydrocarbon oil and the auxiliary tank 3, is partly filled with gasolene which may be poured into the same through the short tube 4. After the tanks have een lled, the screw caps 2 and are tightened closing the tank to the outer air. A pressure pump is now attached to the short length of pipe 13 and the alii' above the oil and gasolene is put under pressure. lVhen the pressure gage indicates the desired pressure, the valve 14 is closed. Donat-tired alcohol is now poured into the cup 30 and ignited. W'hen said alcohol is nearly burned out, a small quantity of alcohol is placed in the annular depression or recess 2l and ignited. -This warms up the coiis about the distributor. When the alcohol iu the cup 30 and the depression or recess E21 is completely burned. the valve 9 is opened slightly to admit a small stream of gasolene. Tlus gasolene is instantly vaporized iu the hot coils and the hot short delivery pipe 4l and valve 17 and issues therefrom into the mixer in the form of vapor and finally into the distributor, where 1t is ignited in the usual manner. The flames winch issue from the openings 38, raise the coils encircling the distributor to a high temperature iu a very short time. When the desired temperature is secured in said coils, the valve 10 is opened which admits u henv oil, and the valve 9 is closed shutting o the gasolene. The heavy oil on reaching the hot coils is first heated nearly to the point of vaporization, and as it reaches the short. hot zone, in the coil of pipe lying directly in the apices of the fia-mes, said oil is vapor-ized and is pushed forward quickly into the valve issuing therefrom in the form of a gaseous vapor practically in the same manner as gasolene. The inlet air ports allow the air to pass in and to become thoroughly mixed with the oil vapor. A little more air is of course required when the oil is turned on. The ame made by the burning oil is very hot and blue, odorless, and free from unburned carbon.

Owing to the shape of the outlet opening in the valve 17, and the inner member 33, which is located at a point closely adjacent the outlet opening, the vapor leaves said opening in the form of an inverted cone (see dotted line, Fig. 2) striking against the walls of the upper portion of the mixer substantially at the points as, rv. The vapor is from thls point. deflected across and upward until itstrikes again, the walls of the mixer. By this throwing of the vapor against the wall of the mixer, it will be seen that said vapor is thrown entirely across the path of the air passing into the mixer, so that the au' passing up through the mixer must necessarily be intimately mixed with the oil vapors.

When it is desired to extinguish the flame, the valve 9 is opened to admit the gasolene and the valve 10 is closed. This substitution of the gasolcnc for the oil in the delivery pipe 8 frees the pipe and coils and the valve ot any heavy oil vapor which would condense on cooling and making the burner difficult to start., when it is desired to, use the same again. 'I he sudden vaporization of the gasolene, increases the gas pressure in the coils and the valve, which blows out any particles of free carbon, making the burner practically self-cleaning.

As a means for serewiuo' the inner niember 33 into the valve 17, Iehave provided a wheel 44, which is preferably threaded onto the member 33 and secured in any desired position by a suitable set screw. Then the luuer member :l2-l is screwed in lo its normal opera-ting position. the hub of thel wheel 44. as shown In Fig. 2, contacts with the outer end of the valve 17 and a suitable leaded bearing or washer may be provided which will assist in making a gastight fitting at the lower end of the valve.

When it desired to adjust the position of the inner member 33 relative to thc outer member 17 of the valve, the set screw is loosened and the positioiiL-,of 44 relative to the inner meinbe 3,31, B y this means, I have provided a simple de. vice for holding the member 33 in its ad' justed positions and have also provided a suitable means whereby said inner .member 33 muy be readily removed for cleiini Having thus articularly describe my invention, what olaiin as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent 15;#-

1. A hydrocarbon burner including in combination, a distributer where the vapor is ignited, a delivery pipe for said vapor coiled spirally in a downward direction about said distributor, said distributor h av ing openings therein arranged in a spiral row, said spiral row of openings at the upr end of the distributor being arranged elow said pipe, and at the lower end of said distributor being arranged directly opposite said pipe, whereby the oil in said pipe is heated lirst gradually and finally quickly vaporized in a short hot zone of said pipe..

2. A hydrocarbon burner including 1n combination, a distributor where the vapor is ignited, a delivery ipe for .said vapor coiled spii'ally in a ownward directlon about said distributor, said distributor having openings therein arranged nl a spiral row, the first coil in said delivery pipe being located close to said distributor and each succeedi coil being spaced farther. from the distri uter than the preceding coil.

3. A hydrocarbon burner including in combination, a distributor, where the vapor is ignited, a delivery ipe for said vapor coiled spirally in a ownward direction aboutsaid distributor, said distributor .having openings therein arranged in a'single spiral, the firstcoil in said delivery pipe eing in contact with the distrlbute-r, und the succeeding coils being spaced therefrom.

4. A hydrocarbon burner including in combination, a distributor where the vapor is ignited, a delivery pipe for said vapor coiled spirally in a downward direction about said distributor, said distributor having openings therein arranged in a sin le spiral, the rst coil in said delivery pipe eing in contact with the distributor and the succeeding coils spaced therefrom, with a portion of the lastcoil located directly 1n front of the openings iu the distributor, whereby a hot short zone is formed for quickly vapori/.in the oil.

A hydrocar on burner including in combination, a distributor, havinor openings where the vapor is ignited, a delivery pipe coiled about said distributor, the first coil in said delivery pipe being located outside of and in contact with said distributor, and each succeedin coil bein spaced farther from the distriliuter than t ie preceding coil, with a. portion of the last coil located drectly in front of the openings in said dis whereby ii'liot short zone is formed ,r quie ly .vaporizing the cil.

6. A hydrocarbon y"burner including in combination a distributor, having a series of openings therein arranged iu a spiral row where the vapor is ignited, a delivery pi e coiled exteriorly about said distributor, tlie first coil thereof being located above said o enings, and attached to the distributor, ltie second coil being spaced from said distributor slightly, and located above a portion of said o nings, and the third coil being spaced sti l farther from the distributor and avm a poi-tion thereof located directly in ront of another portion of said openings, whereby a. ortion of said last coil vitlsl lie directly in tie apices of the llamo )e 'i'. A hydrocarbon burner including in combination a distributor having openings where the vapor is ignited, a supply valve for the distributor, and a delivery pipe havin coils extending exterior-ly about said distributer, the upper coil being in Contact with said distributor, and the lower coil being spaced farther from the distributor than the preceding coil and having a portion thereof located directly in front of the openings in said distributor, said delivery pipe extending about said distributor in a' downward direction and having connection with the supply valve.

8. A hydrocarbon burner including in combination, a mixer, a distributor, detachably connected to said mixer and located above the same, a supply valve for said mixer, a delivery pipe ext-ending about said distributor and to said valve continuously in a downward direction, said distributor having n spiral row of perforations arranged adjacent to said delivery pipe.

9. A hydrocarbon burner includin in combination, a distributor, a mixing c iamA ber comprising tivo members in tho forni of the frusta of two cones having straight walls and arranged base to base, a supply valve having a single delivering opening located in the axis of said cones and atthe base of the lower cone, said valve having means, whereby a widely spread cone of vapor is thrown a .iinst the central portion of the inclined mills of the upper cone-shaped mem bei' of the mixing chamber, said upper coneshaped member having au unobstructed extension leading to said distributor, and air ports in said mixing' chamber below the points where the vapor strikes the same.

10. A hydrocarbon burner incliuling in combination, n distributor, a inixingclniiuber comprising two nuunhcrs in the form of the frusta of two roues having straight ivulls and arranged base to base, n supply valve having a single delivering opening l ated in the axis of said cones und at the base of the lower cone, said valve having means whereby a widely spread cone of va or is thrown againstthe central portion of t e inclned wa ls of the upper cone-shaped member of the mixingr chamber, said upper coneshaped member ravin an unobstructed extension leading to sait. distributor, air ports in said mixing chamber below the points where the vapor strikes the same, and means for regulating the supply of a1r through the air ports.

11. A hydrocarbon burner including in combination, a mixer having a short portion extending therefrom, a distributor mounted upon said mixer and fitting said short portion thereof, a supply valve leadin into the lower portion of said mixer, and a elivery pipe having coils passing around said distributor continuously in a downward direction, said distributor having openin arranged in a spiral row, and disposed re atively to said coils, so that the oil therein is heated first gradually and finally quickly vaporized in a hot 'short zone in said pipe.

12. A hydrocarbon burner including in combination, a mixer having inclined walls, a distributor mounted upon said mixer, a supply valve located below said mixer, and having a central openin in the body portion of the valve const-ruote so as to throw an unbroken cone of vapor against the inclined walls of the mixer, and a delivery pipe coiled spirally about said distributer, and extending continuously in a downward direction to said supply valve, said distributer extending through said coils to a point above the same.

13. A hydrocarbon burner including in combination, a mixer having inclined walls, a distributor mounted on said mixer, a supply valve located below said mixer, and having a central openin therein constructed so as to throw an un roken cone of vapor against the inclined walls of the mixer, and a delivering pipe coiled spira-ily about said distributor continuously in a. downward direction to said supply valve, said distributer having an outwardly extending ledge provided with an annular groove for the reception of alcohol, whereby the distributor and the delivering pipes encircling the same may be initially heated, said distributor extending through. said coils to a point above the same.

14. A hydrocarbon burner including in combination, a delivering pipe, a distributer about which said p1pe is coiled, said distributor havin an outwardly extending ledge provided w1th an annular recess for the reception of alcohol, whereby said distributor and pipe may be initially heated, a

suppl valve, a. mixer between the valve and t e distributor, and a cup shaped member secured to said valve for the reception of alcohol, whereby said supply valve and mixer may be initially heated.

15. A hydrocarbon burner including in combination, a supply valve comprising an outer member havi a receiving opening between its ends, an a delivering opening in one end thereof, the inner surface of said outer member ad 'acont the delivering opening being taper away from said opening, said tapering surface in the outer member extending to the outer surface of the valve body, an inner member spaced :from the outer member and extending to a point adjacent the delivering o ning, said Inner member being hollow, an provlded with a needle in alinement with said delivering opening in the outer member, and means whereby said needie may be moved into said o ening for cleaning the same, said inner mem er having a seat, and said needle having a shank por tion fitting said seat, and means for drawing said shank portion firmly into contact with said seat.

16. A valve for a hydrocarbon burner, including an outer member having a delivering opening in one end thereof, an inner member spaced from said outer member and extending to a point adjacent said delivering openlng, a needle located in said inner member and having an outwardly extending stem, a thumb piece on said stem, said inner member having a longitudinal slot therein, and a cam shaped outer end, a pin carried by said stem adapted to engage said slot, and said cam shaped outer end of said inner member, said needle having a shank portion, and said inner member having a seat against which said shank ortion may be drawn.

17. A hydrocarlion burner, including in combination, a base portion, a cup member threaded into said base portion, a supply valve threaded into said cup and extending above the same, a mixer threaded onto the outer end of said supply valve, a delivery pipe connected to said supply valve at a point above said cu a distributor mounted on the upper end o said mixer, and having perforations therein, and a delivery pipe surrounding said distributor and connected with the delivery pipe attached to said valve.

In testimony whereof I atiix my signature, in presence of two witnesses.

SHERMAN L. DAVIS.

Witnesses:

Fnnmanlo L. FULK, F. R. WooLLnY. 

